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When rearing all your own replacement heifers within a closed herd, the team at the University of Edinburgh’s Langhill Farm says it is particularly important calves get off to a good start.

Through better calf rearing facilities and the initiation of early life vaccination against pneumonia, the Hann family has seen significant improvements in the health and well-being of the calves in their pedigree Holstein herd at Rodden Down, Frome, Somerset.

With rising costs and the need to be carbon conscious, breeding productive, efficient and profitable dairy cattle has never been so paramount.

Nearly all farmers taking part in a recent calf survey recognised the link between well reared heifers and future performance, yet data suggests there is huge scope for producers to drive efficiencies further.

Two key strains of Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria are likely to be responsible for pneumonia in calves, with a third of unknown pathogenic status.

The potential to drive genetic gain, make more informed breeding decisions and improve efficiencies begs the question as to why you would not genomically test heifers.

Feeding the right amount of a quality milk replacer so that heifer calves hit growth rate targets will positively impact on their performance once they enter the herd.

Choosing a specially formulated calf milk replacer alongside top-notch management has helped one Dorset family to address issues with calf scours.

Using sexed female and sexed male semen is helping one farmer optimise the value of every calf.

Segmenting the herd and targeting sexed female and male semen towards appropriate animals will help optimise any sexed and beef strategy.